Me pēhea te whakatairite i ngā utu mō ngā taonga wharekai mai i ngā kaiwhakarato rerekē

I te wā e rapu ana i ngā taonga mō tētahi wharekai, whare kawhe, hōtēra, kaupapa manaaki manuhiri rānei, ko te whiwhi i ētahi whakatau utu he huarahi māmā pea ki te kimi i te utu pai rawa atu. I roto i te mahi, ko te whakatauritengā taonga wharekaiHe uaua ake ngā whakatau utu nā te mea kāore ngā kaiwhakarato e whakatau utu i ngā mea katoa mō ngā whakatakotoranga, ngā rahinga, ngā rauemi, ngā tikanga tuku, ngā taumata ratonga rānei e ōrite ana.

Tērā pea ka tukuna e tētahi kaiwhakarato he utu iti iho engari kāore e whakaurua te takai me te utu tuku. Tērā pea ka tukuna e tētahi atu he utu nui ake mō tētahi tūru nā te mea he anga kaha ake, he pai ake te whakapaipai, he whakamātautau tāpiri, he roa ake rānei te pūtāhui. Tērā pea ka tukuna e tētahi atu kaiwhakarato he utu whakataetae engari he roa ake te wā whakaputa.Nā konei, ehara i te mea ko te utu iti rawa te utu pai rawa atu.

Ko te huarahi tika ko te whakataurite i ngā whakaritenga i te tuatahi, te whakatairite i ngā mea e tukuna ana e ia kaiwhakarato, te tatau i te tapeke o te utu e tumanakohia ana, kātahi ka whai whakaaro ki te kounga, te tuku, ngā tikanga me te pono o te kaiwhakarato.

Tīmata mā te Whakataurite i ngā Whakatakotoranga Taonga Kotahi

I mua i te whakatairite i ngā utu, me whakarite kei te whakahuahia e ia kaiwhakarato ngā utu mō te hua kotahi.

Koinei te taahiraa tino nui.

Mena ka whakahua a Kaiwhakarato A i ngā utu mō tētahi tūru wharekai paerewa, ko Kaiwhakarato B ia ka whakahua i ngā utu mō tētahi tūru kirimana ritenga me ngā papanga whakapaipai kua whakapai ake, kāore e taea te whakarite tika i ngā utu e rua.

Me tautuhi ngā whakatakotoranga o tō taonga:

• Tauira hua, tohutoro rānei
• Te rahinga
• Ngā Ahu
• Rauemi anga
• Te hanganga o te nohoanga me te tuara
• Ngā whakapaipai
• Ngā whakaritenga pahuka, whakakīkī rānei
• Whakaoti
• Tae
• Te kaha taumaha
• Ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau
• Whakaritenga
• Tākai
• Te wāhi tuku
• Ngā whakaritenga pūtāhui

Waihoki, e taunaki ana tētahi tātaritanga utu mō ngā taonga wharekai arumoni tata nei kia whakatauritea ngā waehere taonga, ngā rahinga, ngā ine, ngā tohutoro rauemi, ngā tohutoro whakaoti, ngā tumanakohanga mō te tākai me ngā whakapae tuku i mua i te whakaaro ki ngā whakatau utu a ngā kaiwhakarato hei whakataurite.

Tauira: Te Whakapūmau i te Whakataurite i tētahi Tūru Wharekai

Tukuna te whakatakotoranga ōrite ki ia kaiwhakarato. Mā tēnei ka nui ake te pono o te tūāpapa mō te whakatairite.

Wehewehea ngā mea kei roto i te whakatau utu a ia kaiwhakarato

Kaua rawa e whakataurite i te utu matua anake.Me mārama i roto i te whakatau tata ngā mea kei roto me ngā mea kāore i roto.Mō ngā taonga wharekai, arotakehia ēnei wāhanga utu:

• Taonga whare tonu
• Whakaritenga
• Ngā whakapaipai
• Ngā whakaotinga motuhake
• Ngā tauira
• Tākai
• Arotakenga kounga
• Utauta
• Inihua
• Ngā takoha tikanga
• Ngā Taake
• Ngā utu tauranga, ngā utu taunga rānei
• Tukunga ā-rohe
• Tāutanga
• Ngā wāhanga whakakapinga
• Ratonga muri-hoko

Ehara i te mea ka pāngia katoatia ēnei utu e ngā kaupapa katoa, engari me whai whakaaro ki ia kaupapa.

Pepa Whakataurite mō ngā Tāonga Wharekai

Ehara te kaupapa o tēnei ripanga i te akiaki i ngā kaiwhakarato katoa ki ngā tikanga arumoni ōrite. Engari kia kitea ngā rerekētanga.

Whakatauritehia te Utu Katoa, Kaua te Utu Wāhanga

He mea whai hua te utu mō ia wae, engari kaua e waiho hei whakatau whakamutunga.

Me kī e hiahia ana koe ki te 300 tūru wharekai:

• Kaiwhakarato A: £45 mō ia tūru
• Kaiwhakarato B: £49 mō ia tūru
• Kaiwhakarato C: £52 mō ia tūru

I te tuatahi, ko te Kaiwhakarato A te mea tino tika.Engari whakaarohia kei roto i ngā kōrero:

Ko te kaiwhakarato me te utu iti rawa mō ia wae ehara i te kaiwhakarato me te utu kaupapa iti rawa i whakatauhia.Koia te take me tatau e ngā kaihoko te tapeke o te utu whenua, te tapeke rānei o te utu kaupapa mēnā e tika ana.

◊ He aha te tapeke o te utu whenua?

Ko te tapeke o te utu whenua ko te utu mō te kawe i ngā taonga ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana, tae atu ki ngā utu hoko, kawe me te kawemai.

I runga i te tauwhitinga, ka uru pea ki tēnei:

Te utu hua + tākai + utanga + inihua + takoha tikanga + taake + utu haerenga + tuku ā-rohe

Ko ngā wāhanga tuturu ka whakawhirinaki ki te whakaritenga arumoni me te ūnga.

Mena kei te kawemaihia ngā taonga whare, whakamāramahia te Incoterm kua whakaaetia, kaua e whakaaro ko te tikanga o te "tukunga kei roto" ko te tuku ki tō whare.

E whakamārama ana te Rūma Tauhokohoko o te Ao, e whakamārama ana a Incoterms® 2020 i ngā kawenga, ngā utu me ngā mōrearea i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko i raro i ngā tikanga hokohoko kua whakamanahia. Hei tauira, i raro i te FOB, ka tukuna e te kaihoko ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku kua whakaingoatia, ā, muri iho ka pikau te kaihoko i ngā utu me ngā mōrearea kua tohua e te ture.

Waihoki, i raro i te DDP, ka riro i te kaihoko te kawenga mō te tuku ki te wāhi kua whakaingoatia, tae atu ki te whakawātea kawemai me ngā takoha me ngā taake e tika ana i raro i te ture.

◊ He mea nui: Whakatauritehia te Pēnei ki te Pēnei

Mena ka whakahuahia e tētahi kaiwhakarato he utu FOB, ka whakahuahia e tētahi atu he utu DDP, kāore ā rātou utu e taea te whakataurite tika.

Tuhia te kupu hokohoko tika i te taha o ia whakahuatanga.

Hei tauira:

• Kaiwhakarato A — tauranga ingoa FOB
• Kaiwhakarato B — tauranga ūnga kua whakaingoatia e CIF
• Kaiwhakarato C — Te wāhi tuku kua whakaingoatia e te DDP

Me tuhi hoki te ūnga me te wāhi kua whakahuatia.E kī ana te aratohu Incoterms a te ICC he rerekē te tohatoha o ngā utu, ngā kawenga me ngā mōrearea i roto i ngā ture rerekē, nō reira me whai whakaaro ki te kupu arumoni ina whakatauritehia ana ngā tuku.

Whakatauritehia ngā Wā Arataki me ngā Ture Tono

Kotahi noa te wāhanga o te hoko taonga wharekai he utu.Mena ka tae mai ngā taonga i muri i te rā whakatuwheratanga o te wharekai, tera pea ka nui te utu ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi utu iti ake.

Me tono ki ia kaiwhakarato kia whakarato:

• Tauira wā ārahi
• Te wā arahi whakaputa
• Te wā tuku
• Te rā tuku e whakaarohia ana
• MOQ
• Ngā tikanga utu
• Te mana o te whakahua
• Te hōtaka whakaputa
• Ngā tikanga whakakore
• Ngā tikanga whakarerekē-raupapa

❖ Te Wā Arataki Whakaputa

Wehea te whakaaetanga tauira mai i te whakaaetanga whakaputa.

Hei tauira:

Whakaaetia ngā whakatakotoranga → Tauira → Whakaaetia ngā tauira → Hanga → Tirotiro kounga → Tākai → Tukunga → Tukunga

He uaua pea te whakarite ki tētahi kaiwhakarato e whakahua ana i ngā kupu "ono wiki" me te kore e whakamārama i ngā mea e hipokina ana e taua wā ki tētahi atu kaiwhakarato e wehewehe mārama ana i te hanga me te tuku.

❖ Te Rahi o te Ota Iti rawa

Ka pā hoki te MOQ ki te uara tuturu o tētahi whakahua utu.

Mena e hiahia ana koe ki ngā tūru 150, engari e hiahia ana te kaiwhakarato ki ngā waeine 300, kaua e whakaarohia te utu o ngā waeine 300 he rite ki te utu o te kaiwhakarato e hiahia ana ki te tuku i te 150.

Pātai atu mēnā:

• Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te MOQ
• Ka rerekē te utu i ngā rahinga iti iho
• Ka taea te pupuri i ētahi atu waeine mō te whakamahinga ā muri ake nei
• Ka taea te tono anō i te tauira kotahi i muri mai

❖ Ngā Tikanga Utu

E rua pea ngā kaiwhakarato e whakahua ana i te utu katoa kotahi engari he rerekē rawa ā rāua hanganga utu.

Whakataurite:

• Ōrau tāpui
• Utu toenga
• Te tohu utu
• Te wā utu
• Ngā tikanga utu kua whakaaetia
• Ngā tikanga mō te tīmatanga o te whakaputa

Tuhia ēnei kupu ki roto i tō pepa whakatairite.

Tirohia ngā Rerekētanga Kounga i Muri i te Utu

He maha ngā wā e whakaata ana te rerekētanga utu i te rerekētanga tūturu o te hua.Ahakoa he rite te āhua o tētahi tūru wharekai $40 me tētahi tūru wharekai $60 i roto i tētahi whakaahua, he rerekē ēnei i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:

• Te hanganga anga
• Te matotoru o te rauemi
• Kounga whakarewa
• Ngā whakatakotoranga rakau
• Pahuka
• Ngā whakapaipai
• Pūmārō
• Whakaoti
• Whakamātautau
• Mana whakahaere kounga
• Pūtāhui
• Te roa o te ratonga e tumanakohia ana

Koia te take me arotake anō ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā utu.

Pātai atu ki a koe he aha tāu e whiwhi ai mō te rerekētanga

Mena he 15% te utu nui ake o te Kaiwhakarato B, pātai atu:

He aha te uara tāpiri e tukuna ana e taua 15%?

Tērā pea kei roto i tēnei:

• He roa ake te mau o te pakihi
• Hanganga kaha ake
• He pai ake te whakapaipai
• Whakaoti ritenga
• Te whakahaere kounga taipitopito ake
• He pai ake te takai
• Tukunga tere ake
• Pūtāhui roa ake
• He tautoko whānui ake i muri i te hoko

Ehara i te mea he pai ake te utu nui. Ko te pātai nui, mehemea ka whai hua te utu tāpiri mō tō kaupapa.

✦ Tauira Whakataurite Kounga

Kātahi ka taea e te kaihoko te whakatau mēnā he tika te utu tāpiri a te Kaiwhakarato B.

Tirohia te Tauira i mua i te Kōwhiri i te Kaiwhakarato

Mena he mea nui te ota, tonoa he tauira ā-tinana.Mā te whakatau utu ka mōhio koe ki ngā mea ka oatitia e te kaiwhakarato. Mā te tauira ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te āhua me te āhua o te hua.

Tirohia:

➫ Ngā Ahu

Inehia te tūru, te tēpu rānei, ka whakataurite ki te whakaritenga.

Hanganga

Tirohia:

• Ngā hononga
• Ngā Whakarewa
• Te whakarite anga
• Waewae
• Ngā whakapiri
• Whakakaha
• Āpitihanga nohoanga

➫ Whakamarie

Mō ngā nohoanga i roto i te wharekai, whakaarohia:

• Teitei o te nohoanga
• Te hohonu o te nohoanga
• Tautoko tuara
• Te pakari o te urunga
• Tūnga okiokinga ringa
• Tūnga whānui

➫ Whakaoti

Tirohia mō:

• Tae kore taurite
• Ngā karawarawa
• Paninga ngoikore
• Ngā taha taratara
• Ngā hapa e kitea ana
• Whakamutunga koretake

➫ Ngā Whakapuru

Tirohia:

• Te tuitui
• Ngā tuitui
• Kounga papanga
• Tautoko pahuka
• Te whakaotinga kokonga
• Te ōritetanga o te tae

Mena ka whakaaetia te tauira, me whakarite kia tuhia te tauira, te papanga, te whakaotinga me ngā whakaritenga e tika ana ki roto i ngā tuhinga hoko.

Whakatauritehia te Wheako o te Kaiwhakarato me te Kaha Whakaputa

Kāore te whakatau utu e whakaatu ana mēnā ka taea e te kaiwhakarato te whakatutuki angitu i tētahi kaupapa nui.

Pātai atu mō:

• He wheako ki ngā taonga wharekai
• Ngā kaupapa kua oti rite tonu
• Te kaha whakaputa
• Te tukanga whakahaere kounga
• Te āheinga ota-anō
• Wheako whakaritenga
• Ngā wheako kaweake, mēnā e tika ana
• Tautoko whakakapinga me muri i te hoko

Mō tētahi mekameka wharekai, he mea tika kia aro nui ki te kaha ki te tono anō.Whakaarohia te whakatuwhera i ngā wāhi e rima me te tūru kotahi, kātahi ka kitea kāore e taea e te kaihanga te tārua i te tae, i te tauira rānei i roto i ngā marama e ono.Ka taea e tēnā te waihanga i ngā rerekētanga hoahoa kāore e hiahiatia.

Tirohia te aha ka tupu i muri i te tukunga

Me whai whakaaro anō hoki te whakataurite pai ki te tautoko i muri i te hoko.

Pātai atu:

• Ka aha mēnā ka tae mai ngā tūru kua pakaru?
• Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā hapa?
• Ka aha mēnā kāore ngā hua e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kua whakaaetia?
• Kei te wātea ngā wāhanga whakakapinga?
• Me pēhea te tuku kereme mō te pūtāhui?
• Ko wai e utu ana mō ngā whakakapinga hapa?
• Kia pēhea te tere o te whakatau i ngā raruraru i te nuinga o te wā?

Kāore pea ēnei pātai e whakarerekē i te utu whakatau tata, engari ka pā nui ki te mōrearea tūturu o te hoko.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā kīanga mō ngā taonga wharekai rerekē

Kia oti te whakataurite i ngā whakatauranga, whakamahia he pūnaha whakatauranga hanganga.

Hei tauira:

Tāpirihia he tohu ki ia kaiwhakarato i runga anō i ngā paearu ōrite.

Me whakaata te taumahatanga i te kaupapa.

• Mō te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi wharekai me te rā kati pakari, me nui ake te taumaha o te wā arahi.
• Mō tētahi kaupapa hōtēra papai, ko te kounga o ngā rauemi, te whakaotinga me te whakaritenga ritenga te mea nui ake.
• Mō tētahi rōpū wharekai maha ngā wāhi, me nui ake te aro ki te auau me te kaha ki te tono anō.
  
  

Kaua e wareware ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te kaiwhakarato

He tohu whai hua nui te kounga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

I te wā o te tukanga whakatau utu, whakaarohia mēnā ko te kaiwhakarato:

• Ka whakautu mārama i ngā pātai
• E whakarato ana i ngā whakaritenga katoa
• Ngā herenga haki pono
• E whakamārama ana i ngā wā ārahi
• Ka tukuna wawetia ngā tauira
• Ngā whakatikatika tuhinga
• Ka whakautu tonu

He māmā ake pea te mahi tahi me te kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i te utu teitei ake engari he taipitopito, he mārama hoki, i te kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i te utu tino iti engari he koretake ngā whakautu.

Ngā Tohu Whero i roto i ngā Tāonga Wharekai

Kia tūpato ina kite koe i:

♦ He Utu Tino Iti

Me rangahau he utu kei raro rawa atu i ngā whakahua whakataetae.Pātai atu he aha ngā mea kua tangohia, kua whakaitihia rānei.

♦ Ngā Whakatakotoranga Ngaro

Mena kāore e taea e te kaiwhakarato te kī mārama i ngā rauemi, i ngā ine, i te whakaotinga, i te hanganga rānei, kāore pea koe e whakarite ana i ngā hua ōrite.

♦ Kāore he Rā Tukunga Mārama

Kaua e whakatau kaupapa nui i runga i ngā kupu whakaari koretake pēnei i te "tukunga tere".

♦ Ngā Incoterms Kāore i te Mārama

Ki te kore he wāhi tuku kua whakaingoatia, he wā arumoni rānei, kāore e pono ai ngā tataunga utu whenua.

♦ Kāore he Kōwhiringa Tauira

Mō tētahi ota nui, nui rānei, kāore e taea, kāore rānei e pai ki te whakarato tauira, ka nui ake pea te mōrearea hoko.

♦ Pūtāhui Kāore i te Mārama

Me tautuhi i roto i te pūtāhui he aha ngā mea e hipokina ana me te roa o te wā.

He Tātai Aromatawai Tāonga Wharekai Whaihua

Ko tētahi huarahi hoko whai hua ko:

Kaiwhakarato pai rawa atu ≠ Te utu iti rawa o te waeine

Engari:

Kaiwhakarato pai rawa atu = Kounga tika + Whakatakotoranga rite + Utu katoa whakataetae + Tukunga pono + Mōrearea whakaaetia

Ka taea hoki e koe te tatau i te utu mō ia tau e taea ai te whakamahi ina whakatauritea ngā hua me ngā tumanakohanga pakari tino rerekē.

Hei tauira:

Te utu whakatau tata mō ia tau = Te tapeke o te utu hoko me te utu tuku ÷ te wā ratonga e tumanakohia ana

Kaua tēnei e whakaarohia he matapae tika mō te roa o te oranga o ngā taonga. He taputapu whakatakoto tahua noa iho tēnei e akiaki ana i ngā kaihoko ki te whakaaro ki te uara mō te wā roa, kaua ki te titiro noa ki te utu tīmatanga.

Whakamutunga

Hei whakatairite i ngā utu mō ngā taonga wharekai, ehara i te mea ko te whakatakoto i ngā utu mō ngā waeine e toru ki te taha o a rātou anō.

Tīmata mā te hoatu i ngā whakatakotoranga tāonga rite ki ia kaiwhakarato. Kātahi ka wehewehea ia whakatau utu ki te utu hua, te whakaritenga, te takai, te tuku, ngā taake, ngā takoha, te tuku me ētahi atu utu e tika ana.

Muri iho, whakatairitea te utu katoa e tumanakohia ana, kaua ko te utu kotahi anake. Arotakehia te kounga kei muri i ngā rerekētanga utu, tirohia ngā tauira, tirohia ngā wā arahi me ngā tikanga ota, me te aromatawai i te kaha whakaputa o ia kaiwhakarato me te tautoko i muri i te hoko.

Mō ngā hoko o tāwāhi, kia aro nui ki ngā Incoterm kua whakaaetia, nā te mea he rerekē te tohatoha o ngā utu, ngā kawenga me ngā mōrearea i roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te EXW, FOB me te DDP.

Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakatau utu pai rawa atu mō ngā taonga wharekai ko te mea e tuku ana i te huinga tika ote kounga, ngā whakatakotoranga, te utu katoa, te pono o te tuku me te tautoko a te kaiwhakaratomō tāu kaupapa motuhake.

Ngā Pātai Auau